Calophyllaceae is represented in Reserva Ducke by ten species belonging to the following genera: Calophyllum (C. brasiliense), Caraipa (C. costata, C. grandifolia subsp. grandifolia, C. heterocarpa, C. odorata, C. punctulata, C. rodriguesii, C. valioi), Clusiella (C. axillaris), and Haploclathra (H. paniculata). We present descriptions for the genera and species, identification keys, and comments on the geographical distribution and phenology.